Ada sharing seseorang bahwa sekarang untuk perpanjangan stnk , akan dikenakan "pajak PRogressive" , jadi misal pernah beli mobil atas nama kita misal Budi, telah pernah beli mobil 4 kali semua atas nama Budi. Ternyata si Budi ini telah menjual ke tiga mobil sebelumnya, tetapi oleh pembeli belum dibalik nama ke nama dia sendiri.(jadi masih nama Budi).
Jadi sewaktu si Budi mau urus mobil ke 4 nya misal di stnk sekitar Rp 2,5 juta untuk mobil misal toyota rush, tetapi dia harus bayar Rp 6,7 juta dengan alasan masih memiliki 4 mobil (padahal sudah terjual).
akan dikenakan pajak progressive katanya mulai tahun ini 2011. cara hitungnya dikenakan pajak 4% dari harga jual mobil (kalau jumlah mobil 1 =1%, 2=2%, 3=2,5%, 4 = 4%), karena dikomputer di samsat masih tertera nama si Budi.
Jadi sarannya bila mobil kita sudah jual, perlu segera lapor ke samsat untuk "blokir dengan cara isi form keterangan sudah dijual "
(NIB : saat ini pajak progressive baru diberlakukan untuk kendaraan pribadi, bukan kendaraan barang seperti pick up/truk dll).
Semoga bermanfaat
Senin, 28 Februari 2011
kulit semangka darah tinggi
TANAMAN OBAT INDONESIA
http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=251
Semangka
(Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.)
Sinonim :
C, lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumara & Nakai, C. lanata (Thunb.) Mansf., C. edulis Spach., Colocynthis citrullus (L.) O. Ktze., Cucurmis citrullus (L.) ser., Cucurbita citrullus L., C. anguria Duch., Momordica lanata Thunb.
Familia :
Cucurbitaceae
Uraian :
Semangka berasal dari daerah tropik dan subtropik Afrika. Tumbuh liar di tepi jalan, padang belukar, pantai laut, atau ditanam di kebun dan pekarangan sebagai tanaman buah. Semangka dapat ditemukan dari dataran rendah sampai 1.000 m dpl. Terna semusim ini tumbuh menjalar di atas tanah atau memanjat dengan sulur-sulur atau alat pembelit. Batang lunak, bersegi dan berambut, panjangnya 1,5--5 m. Sulur tumbuh dari ketiak daun, bercabang 2--3. Daun letak berseling, bertangkai, helaian daun lebar dan berbulu
Nama Lokal :
NAMA DAERAH Jawa: samangka, semongka, watesan, ghulengghuleng. Sumatera: mandike, karamboja, kalambosa, kamandriki. Maluku: mendikai, semangka, pateka, samangka. Lampung: lamuja, karamujo, ramujo, samaka. Halmahera: samaka, hamaka, hama'a. NAMA ASING Xi gua (C), watermelon (I), melon d'eau, wasserkurbis, watermeloen. NAMA SIMPLISIA Citrulli Fructus (buah semangka), Citrulli Pericarpium (kulit buah semangka).
Penyakit Yang Dapat Diobati :
Kulit buah dan daging buah rasanya manis, sifatnya dingin, afinitas ke meridian jantung, lambung, dan kandung kemih. Semangka berkhasiat sebagai penyejuk tubuh selagi cuaca panas, peluruh kencing (diuretik), antiradang, melumas usus, dan menghilangkan haus. Pada pengobatan tradisional Cina, semangka digunakan untuk melawan bentuk "summer heat" yaitu gejala penyakit yang ditandai dengan banyak berkeringat, rasa haus, suhu tubuh meningkat, warna urine jernih, diare, dan mudah marah. Buah atau jus bua
Pemanfaatan :
BAGIAN YANG DIGUNAKAN Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah kulit buah, daging buah, dan bijinya. Untuk kulit buah, setelah isinya dimakan dan kulit lapisan luarnya dibuang maka bagian yang berwarna putih bisa digunakan segar atau setelah dikeringkan. INDIKASI Kulit buah semangka digunakan untuk pengobatan: bengkak karena timbunan cairan pada penyakit ginjal, kencing manis (diabetes melitus), gatal karena tanaman berracun, sakit sewaktu bangun tidur pagi akibat alkohol (hangover), migren, mencegah k
Komposisi :
Daging buah semangka rendah kalori dan mengandung air sebanyak 93,4%, protein 0,5%, karbohidrat 5,3%, lemak 0,1%, serat 0,2%, abu 0,5%, dan vitamin (A, B dan C). Selain itu, juga mengandung asam amino sitrullin (C6H13N3O3), asam aminoasetat, asam malat, asam fosfat, arginin, betain, likopen (C4oH56), karoten, bromin, natrium, kalium, silvit, lisin, fruktosa, dekstrosa, dan sukrosa. Sitrulin dan arginin berperan dalam pembentukan urea di hati dari amonia dan CO2 sehingga keluarnya urin meningkat. Ka
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Office : BPPT, Gd.1 - Lt.16 , Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta 10340 Technical Support (021)71112109; Customer Ca
Selasa, 08 Februari 2011
Jangan Biarkan Energi Anda Dicuri
Jangan Biarkan Energi Anda Dicuri
http://www.jawaban.com/index.php/spiritual/main_daily_update/date/2011-01-16.html
Efesus 4:26-27
Apabila kamu menjadi marah, janganlah kamu berbuat dosa: janganlah matahari terbenam, sebelum padam amarahmu dan janganlah beri kesempatan kepada Iblis.
Bacaan Alkitab Setahun : Mazmur 16; Matius 16; Kejadian 31-32
Pernahkah Anda memikirkan berapa banyak energi yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadi kepahitan atau menyimpah dendam? Kita hanya memiliki sejumlah energi setiap harinya. Jika kita menggunakannya untuk tujuan yang salah, jika kita fokus pada hal negative atau memikirkan orang yang menyakiti kita, maka kita tidak akan memiliki energi untuk hal yang positif. Kita tidak akan bisa membuat keputusan yang baik atau menjadi kreatif seperti yang seharusnya. Kita tidak hanya membuat diri kita rugi, tapi juga teman, dan kelu
Seberapapun besarnya keinginan Anda, Anda tidak bisa mengendalikan apa yang orang lain katakana atau lakukan. Anda hanya bisa mengendalikan diri Anda. Jika Anda fokus pada tindakan orang lain dan membiarkan mereka mengecewakan Anda, maka Anda sedang menyerahkan damai sejahtera dan kekuatan Anda pada orang lain. Alkitab mengatakan, ôJanganlah matahari terbenam, sebelum padam amarahmu.ö Alasan banyak orang kehilangan sukacita dan antusiasme mereka adalah karena mereka tidur dengan membawa amarah mereka dan t
Mungkin hal tersebut sepertinya lucu, namun dilain hal kita pernah melakukannya juga kan? Seringkali kita memutuskan hubungan dengan orang lain hanya karena kita tidak mau mengalah lebih dulu atau mengampuni orang tersebut. Setelah menikah dengan Joel selama lebih dari duapuluh dua tahun, saya belajar bahwa tidak satupun dari pendekatan itu yang bisa menyelesaikan perselisihan. Anda tidak bisa menemukan jalan keluar saat malam tiba, tetapi Anda bisa belajar untuk setuju ataupun tidak setuju atas pendapat o
Ingatlah, jika Anda ingin hidup Anda dipenuhi kasih dan hidup dalam kepenuhan, jangan pernah menyimpan amarah.
http://www.jawaban.com/index.php/spiritual/main_daily_update/date/2011-01-16.html
Efesus 4:26-27
Apabila kamu menjadi marah, janganlah kamu berbuat dosa: janganlah matahari terbenam, sebelum padam amarahmu dan janganlah beri kesempatan kepada Iblis.
Bacaan Alkitab Setahun : Mazmur 16; Matius 16; Kejadian 31-32
Pernahkah Anda memikirkan berapa banyak energi yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadi kepahitan atau menyimpah dendam? Kita hanya memiliki sejumlah energi setiap harinya. Jika kita menggunakannya untuk tujuan yang salah, jika kita fokus pada hal negative atau memikirkan orang yang menyakiti kita, maka kita tidak akan memiliki energi untuk hal yang positif. Kita tidak akan bisa membuat keputusan yang baik atau menjadi kreatif seperti yang seharusnya. Kita tidak hanya membuat diri kita rugi, tapi juga teman, dan kelu
Seberapapun besarnya keinginan Anda, Anda tidak bisa mengendalikan apa yang orang lain katakana atau lakukan. Anda hanya bisa mengendalikan diri Anda. Jika Anda fokus pada tindakan orang lain dan membiarkan mereka mengecewakan Anda, maka Anda sedang menyerahkan damai sejahtera dan kekuatan Anda pada orang lain. Alkitab mengatakan, ôJanganlah matahari terbenam, sebelum padam amarahmu.ö Alasan banyak orang kehilangan sukacita dan antusiasme mereka adalah karena mereka tidur dengan membawa amarah mereka dan t
Mungkin hal tersebut sepertinya lucu, namun dilain hal kita pernah melakukannya juga kan? Seringkali kita memutuskan hubungan dengan orang lain hanya karena kita tidak mau mengalah lebih dulu atau mengampuni orang tersebut. Setelah menikah dengan Joel selama lebih dari duapuluh dua tahun, saya belajar bahwa tidak satupun dari pendekatan itu yang bisa menyelesaikan perselisihan. Anda tidak bisa menemukan jalan keluar saat malam tiba, tetapi Anda bisa belajar untuk setuju ataupun tidak setuju atas pendapat o
Ingatlah, jika Anda ingin hidup Anda dipenuhi kasih dan hidup dalam kepenuhan, jangan pernah menyimpan amarah.
Cara Aman Konsumsi Ikan Agar Terhindar dari Efek Merkuri
Rabu, 09/02/2011 08:44 WIB
Cara Aman Konsumsi Ikan Agar Terhindar dari Efek Merkuri
Vera Farah Bararah - detikHealth
img
(Foto: thinkstock)
Jakarta, Ikan merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang banyak disukai masyarakat, tapi sayangnya beberapa jenis ikan diketahui mengandung kadar merkuri yang tinggi. Karena itu masyarakat harus cermat memilih dan mengonsumsi ikan.
"Jenis ikan yang tinggi kandungan merkurinya adalah ikan yang dapat bertahan hidup lama dan sangat bergantung pada rantai makanan seperti ikan marlin, tuna, hiu, todak dan mackerel, karena itu masyarakat sebaiknya harus waspada akan tingginya kandungan merkuri," ujar DR. Dr. Saptawati Bardosono, MSc dari departemen gizi FKUI saat dihubungi detikHealth, Rabu (9/2/2011).
Dokter yang akrab disapa Tati ini menuturkan merkuri merupakan racun bagi saraf, sehingga bila dikonsumsi terutama oleh ibu hamil bisa menyebabkan gangguan pembentukan organ dan sistem saraf janin yang dikandungnya.
"Gangguan saraf yang sering dialami adalah gangguan penglihatan, sensasi, koordinasi gerak tubuh, gangguan bicara, mendengar, berjalan serta kelemahan otot," ungkap Dr Tati.
Dr Tati menjelaskan kandungan merkuri dalam ikan tersebut tidak akan hilang meskipun sudah melalui proses pemasakan, karenanya bagi ibu hamil, anak-anak, perempuan yang berada di usia produktif dan masyarakat dianjurkan untuk:
1. Tidak mengonsumsi ikan laut dalam seperti hiu, mackerel dan ikan lainnya yang diketahui tinggi kandungan merkurinya.
2. Mengonsumsi dua kali seminggu ikan laut atau sejenisnya yang diketahui memiliki kandungan merkuri rendah seperti udang, salmon dan tuna kalengan secara bervariasi.
3. Usahakan untuk mengonsumsi ikan dalam ukuran porsi yang mencukupi atau tidak berlebihan.
4. Mintalah nasehat dari petugas setempat yang mungkin mengetahui kandungan merkuri di laut setempat.
Dengan melakukan hal-hal tersebut seseorang tetap bisa mendapatkan manfaat dari ikan seperti kandungan protein yang tinggi, omega 3 dan sedikit lemak jenuh. Sekaligus masyarakat juga bisa mengurangi paparan dari merkuri yang terkandung di dalam tubuh ikan.
(ver/ir)
Cara Aman Konsumsi Ikan Agar Terhindar dari Efek Merkuri
Vera Farah Bararah - detikHealth
img
(Foto: thinkstock)
Jakarta, Ikan merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang banyak disukai masyarakat, tapi sayangnya beberapa jenis ikan diketahui mengandung kadar merkuri yang tinggi. Karena itu masyarakat harus cermat memilih dan mengonsumsi ikan.
"Jenis ikan yang tinggi kandungan merkurinya adalah ikan yang dapat bertahan hidup lama dan sangat bergantung pada rantai makanan seperti ikan marlin, tuna, hiu, todak dan mackerel, karena itu masyarakat sebaiknya harus waspada akan tingginya kandungan merkuri," ujar DR. Dr. Saptawati Bardosono, MSc dari departemen gizi FKUI saat dihubungi detikHealth, Rabu (9/2/2011).
Dokter yang akrab disapa Tati ini menuturkan merkuri merupakan racun bagi saraf, sehingga bila dikonsumsi terutama oleh ibu hamil bisa menyebabkan gangguan pembentukan organ dan sistem saraf janin yang dikandungnya.
"Gangguan saraf yang sering dialami adalah gangguan penglihatan, sensasi, koordinasi gerak tubuh, gangguan bicara, mendengar, berjalan serta kelemahan otot," ungkap Dr Tati.
Dr Tati menjelaskan kandungan merkuri dalam ikan tersebut tidak akan hilang meskipun sudah melalui proses pemasakan, karenanya bagi ibu hamil, anak-anak, perempuan yang berada di usia produktif dan masyarakat dianjurkan untuk:
1. Tidak mengonsumsi ikan laut dalam seperti hiu, mackerel dan ikan lainnya yang diketahui tinggi kandungan merkurinya.
2. Mengonsumsi dua kali seminggu ikan laut atau sejenisnya yang diketahui memiliki kandungan merkuri rendah seperti udang, salmon dan tuna kalengan secara bervariasi.
3. Usahakan untuk mengonsumsi ikan dalam ukuran porsi yang mencukupi atau tidak berlebihan.
4. Mintalah nasehat dari petugas setempat yang mungkin mengetahui kandungan merkuri di laut setempat.
Dengan melakukan hal-hal tersebut seseorang tetap bisa mendapatkan manfaat dari ikan seperti kandungan protein yang tinggi, omega 3 dan sedikit lemak jenuh. Sekaligus masyarakat juga bisa mengurangi paparan dari merkuri yang terkandung di dalam tubuh ikan.
(ver/ir)
Selasa, 11 Januari 2011
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation, Painful Periods)
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation, Painful Periods)
http://www.surgindia.com/2010/08/dysmenorrhea-painful-menstruation.html
Thursday, August 12, 2010
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation, Painful Periods)
Dysmenorrhea is the syndrome of difficult menstrual flow or pain during menstruation (menses).
The dysmenorrhea is derived from the Greek words dys, meaning difficult/painful/abnormal, meno, meaning month, and rrhea, meaning flow. Its prevalence is estimated at approximately 25% of women and up to 90% of adolescents. Although it is not life-threatening, dysmenorrhea can be debilitating and psychologically taxing for many women. Dysmenorrhea is responsible for significant absenteeism from work, and it is the most common reason for school/college absence among adolescents.
It can be divided into 2 broad categories: primary and secondary.
1. Primary dysmenorrhea (spasmodic) is severe, disabling cramps without underlying illness. Primary dysmenorrhea usually begins within the first 6 months after menarche once a regular ovulatory cycle has been established. During menstruation, sloughing endometrial cells release prostaglandins, which cause uterine ischemia through myometrial contraction and vasoconstriction. These contractions, and the resulting temporary oxygen deprivation to nearby tissues, are responsible for the pain or "cramps" experie
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea (congestive) is cramps caused by another medical problem(s). Secondary dysmenorrhea may present at any time after menarche, but it most commonly arises when a woman is in her 20s or 30s, after years of normal, relatively painless cycles. Elevated prostaglandins may also play a role in secondary dysmenorrhea along with concomitant pelvic pathology must also be present. Common causes include endometriosis, leiomyomata (fibroids), adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), use of
Features of Primary dysmenorrhea
o Almost invariably occurs in ovulatory cycles
o Onset within 6 months after menarche
o In classic primary dysmenorrhea, the pain begins with the onset of menstruation (or just shortly before) and persists throughout the first 1-2 days
o Pain is Lower abdominal/pelvic pain
o The pain is spasmodic in nature
o Low back pain
o Medial/anterior thigh pain
o May have lower abdominal pain (tenderness) on pressing
o Headache
o Diarrhea
o Nausea/vomiting
Features of Secondary dysmenorrhea
o Onset in 20s or 30s, after relatively painless menstrual cycles in the past
o is not limited to the onset of menses
o usually associated with abdominal bloating, pelvic heaviness, and back pain
o the pain progressively increases during the luteal phase until it peaks around the onset of menstruation
o Heavy menstrual flow or irregular bleeding
o Dyspareunia
o Vaginal discharge
o May feel lump (swelling) on pressing lower abdomen
o Pain may not be relieved by nonsteroidal pain killers (NSAIDs)
Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea:
1. Earlier age at menarche
2. Long menstrual periods
3. Heavy menstrual flow
4. Smoking
5. Positive family history
6. Obesity
7. Alcohol consumption
Medication: Treatment of dysmenorrhea is aimed at providing symptomatic relief as well as inhibiting the underlying processes that cause symptoms.
1. NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin production and are used as first-line therapy for both primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. If taken early enough and in sufficient quantity, they are extremely successful in alleviating menstrual pain.
e.g. Ibuprofen (Brufen): 400 mg 4-6 hourly daily,
Diclofenac (Tab. Voveran): 25 – 50 mg twice or thrice daily
Mefanamic Acid (Tab. Meftal): 500 mg initially, followed by 250 mg 6 hourly daily
2. Simple analgesics acetaminophen may also be useful, especially when NSAIDs are contraindicated. e.g. Tab. Crocin: 1 – 2 tab 4-6 hourly daily
3. Oral contraceptives, which block monthly ovulation and may decrease menstrual flow, may also relieve symptoms.
4. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea involves correction of the underlying organic cause besides using above medications for symptomatic relief.
Diet to prevent Dysmenorrhea:
1. Eat a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, but low in salt, sugar, alcohol, and caffeine.
2. Fish oil: A supplement containing 1,800 mg a day of EPA and DHA (omega-3 fatty acid ) to help prevent menstrual symptoms.
3. Take vitamin E in the form of Almond or 400 to 600 IU of vitamin E daily for five days, beginning two days before expected menstruation. Vitamin E helps to lower the production of prostaglandins that contribute to the occurrence of cramps and breast tenderness during period.
4. Add more Calcium to your diet: Take green leafy vegetables or calcium tablet 250 mg to 500 mg 4-6 hourly during menstruation. Calcium has been found to reduce both the physical and mental symptoms, occurring during menstruation by maintaining normal muscle tone of calcium-deficient hyperactive muscles.
5. Avoid foods that may cause constipation, especially in the last week of the menstrual cycle. This includes fried foods, sour foods and protein-rich pulses.
6. Lower your fat intake. High fat diets can worsen Dysmenorrhea.
7. Magnesium plays a role in controlling muscle tone and useful in preventing menstrual cramps. Take 360 mg per day of magnesium for three days beginning one day prior to start of expected flow.
Alternative treatment:
Position or posture of the body: Simply changing the position of the body can help ease cramps.
1. Fetal position: Knees pulled up to the chest while hugging a heating pad or pillow to the abdomen.
2. Cat stretch position: The woman rests on her hands and knees, slowly arching the back.
3. Pelvic tilt position: The woman lies with knees bent, and then lifts the pelvis and buttocks.
Homoeopathy for Menstrual Cramps: Homoeopathic remedies have had a repute of treating period pains and cramps efficiently. Mag Phos is a highly potent, and speedily acting for menstrual cramps. It alleviates menstrual cramps within 20 to 30 minutes of their onset. Furthermore, it reduces the intensity and frequency of the cramps with each successive period. It is especially indicated in women who have severe, spasmodic, painful cramps, associated with a slight backache.
Acupuncture: Acupuncture may be a useful therapy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea
Home remedies for Dysmenorrhea (For Painful Menstruation):
1. Apply a heating pad to your lower abdomen (below your navel). Be careful NOT to fall asleep while this device is on.
2. Take warm showers or baths.
3. Do light circular massage with your fingertips around your lower abdomen.
4. Ginger: Ginger helps in painful menstruations and heavy blood flow. Boil grounded one fresh piece of ginger in one cup of water for few minutes. You can add sugar also if you want. Drink this at least three times in a day.
5. Parsley juice: Use of parsley juice on a regular basis is very effective home remedy in cramps and in irregular menstruations. This juice can be taken with other vegetable extracts like carrot juice.
6. Raw papaya: Eating unripe papaya will help to regulate the blood flow and help in severe pain during menstruation. Raw papaya helps in proper functioning of the muscles of the uterus, which enable the proper flow of blood.
7. Sesame seeds: Half-tablespoon of powder of sesame seeds with water twice daily is very effective to reduce the pain during menstruations in anemic person.
8. Coriander seeds: Coriander seeds are very useful for menstrual pain and also controls excess blood flow. Boil half liter water with six grams (15-20) of coriander seeds. You can add sugar also if you want. Drink when it is still warm.
9. Thuja extract: Thuja extract is very effective in resolving the symptoms of primary Dysmenorrhea. Thuja is commonly known as Arborvitae or Thujas. Boil 1 to 2 leaves of Thuja tree. Strain and drink the filtrate twice daily during menstrual periods. It is safe and well tolerated in the treatment of Dysmenorrhea.
10. Lemon grass is also beneficial in painful and difficult menstruation. It can be taken in the form of a tea.
11. Asafoetida (Hing) is very useful in increasing the secretion of the female hormone, progesterone. Thus it facilitates menstruation. Fry asafetida in a little ghee and take this paste thrice daily. For a bloated feeling in the abdomen, you can have a glass of buttermilk mixed with a pinch of asafetida.
12. Marigold: Marigold is very effective in severe pain during menstruation. Take 1-2 tablespoon of marigold extract two times a day. This also regulates the blood flow during menstruation.
Myths and Facts about Menstruation:
Myth: Do not drink ice water during menstruation.
Fact: Cold water does not have any effect during menstruation.
Myth: Should not swim during menstruation
Fact: As long as women wear pads and did not feel uncomfortable, there is no restriction of swimming during menstruation.
Myth: Teenagers who have not started menstruating cannot get pregnant.
Fact: In many females ovulation starts much before menstruation so pregnancy can happen.
Myth: Don’t wash your hair when you’re menstruating.
Fact: There is absolutely no reason not to wash your hair. In fact, a nice warm bath can do a lot to relieve menstrual cramps and premenstrual tension. Just avoid cold water during your period.
Myth: You won’t get pregnant if you have sex during menstruation
Fact: Don’t count on it! Unless you’re using The Pill, an internal device, or another hormonal type of contraception, there are no safe days as ovulation can happen at any time, especially if periods aren't regular.
Myth: Menstrual cycles should always be 28 days.
Fact: The length of a normal cycle ranges between approximately 20 to 45 days with an average cycle length of 28 days.
Myth: Women are always moody, bitchy, and irrational during menstruation.
Fact: Not all women experience PMS symptoms or the same symptoms.
Myth: Virgins or young women can't use tampons.
Fact: The hymen stretches, if you want to use tampons at any time or age, you can. Virginity does not end when you use a tampon.
Myth: It’s unhealthy to have sex during your period.
Fact: Though uncomfortable in some women, there is no medical reason to avoid sexual intercourse during menstruation, even orgasm sometimes relieve cramping.
Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautions before following any of the method mentioned in this article and the site. To avoid any problems, it is advised that you consult a doctor. The responsibility lies solely with the reader and not with the site or the writer.
Posted by Dr Akshay at 11:53 AM
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http://www.surgindia.com/2010/08/dysmenorrhea-painful-menstruation.html
Thursday, August 12, 2010
Dysmenorrhea (Painful Menstruation, Painful Periods)
Dysmenorrhea is the syndrome of difficult menstrual flow or pain during menstruation (menses).
The dysmenorrhea is derived from the Greek words dys, meaning difficult/painful/abnormal, meno, meaning month, and rrhea, meaning flow. Its prevalence is estimated at approximately 25% of women and up to 90% of adolescents. Although it is not life-threatening, dysmenorrhea can be debilitating and psychologically taxing for many women. Dysmenorrhea is responsible for significant absenteeism from work, and it is the most common reason for school/college absence among adolescents.
It can be divided into 2 broad categories: primary and secondary.
1. Primary dysmenorrhea (spasmodic) is severe, disabling cramps without underlying illness. Primary dysmenorrhea usually begins within the first 6 months after menarche once a regular ovulatory cycle has been established. During menstruation, sloughing endometrial cells release prostaglandins, which cause uterine ischemia through myometrial contraction and vasoconstriction. These contractions, and the resulting temporary oxygen deprivation to nearby tissues, are responsible for the pain or "cramps" experie
2. Secondary dysmenorrhea (congestive) is cramps caused by another medical problem(s). Secondary dysmenorrhea may present at any time after menarche, but it most commonly arises when a woman is in her 20s or 30s, after years of normal, relatively painless cycles. Elevated prostaglandins may also play a role in secondary dysmenorrhea along with concomitant pelvic pathology must also be present. Common causes include endometriosis, leiomyomata (fibroids), adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease(PID), use of
Features of Primary dysmenorrhea
o Almost invariably occurs in ovulatory cycles
o Onset within 6 months after menarche
o In classic primary dysmenorrhea, the pain begins with the onset of menstruation (or just shortly before) and persists throughout the first 1-2 days
o Pain is Lower abdominal/pelvic pain
o The pain is spasmodic in nature
o Low back pain
o Medial/anterior thigh pain
o May have lower abdominal pain (tenderness) on pressing
o Headache
o Diarrhea
o Nausea/vomiting
Features of Secondary dysmenorrhea
o Onset in 20s or 30s, after relatively painless menstrual cycles in the past
o is not limited to the onset of menses
o usually associated with abdominal bloating, pelvic heaviness, and back pain
o the pain progressively increases during the luteal phase until it peaks around the onset of menstruation
o Heavy menstrual flow or irregular bleeding
o Dyspareunia
o Vaginal discharge
o May feel lump (swelling) on pressing lower abdomen
o Pain may not be relieved by nonsteroidal pain killers (NSAIDs)
Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea:
1. Earlier age at menarche
2. Long menstrual periods
3. Heavy menstrual flow
4. Smoking
5. Positive family history
6. Obesity
7. Alcohol consumption
Medication: Treatment of dysmenorrhea is aimed at providing symptomatic relief as well as inhibiting the underlying processes that cause symptoms.
1. NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin production and are used as first-line therapy for both primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. If taken early enough and in sufficient quantity, they are extremely successful in alleviating menstrual pain.
e.g. Ibuprofen (Brufen): 400 mg 4-6 hourly daily,
Diclofenac (Tab. Voveran): 25 – 50 mg twice or thrice daily
Mefanamic Acid (Tab. Meftal): 500 mg initially, followed by 250 mg 6 hourly daily
2. Simple analgesics acetaminophen may also be useful, especially when NSAIDs are contraindicated. e.g. Tab. Crocin: 1 – 2 tab 4-6 hourly daily
3. Oral contraceptives, which block monthly ovulation and may decrease menstrual flow, may also relieve symptoms.
4. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea involves correction of the underlying organic cause besides using above medications for symptomatic relief.
Diet to prevent Dysmenorrhea:
1. Eat a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, but low in salt, sugar, alcohol, and caffeine.
2. Fish oil: A supplement containing 1,800 mg a day of EPA and DHA (omega-3 fatty acid ) to help prevent menstrual symptoms.
3. Take vitamin E in the form of Almond or 400 to 600 IU of vitamin E daily for five days, beginning two days before expected menstruation. Vitamin E helps to lower the production of prostaglandins that contribute to the occurrence of cramps and breast tenderness during period.
4. Add more Calcium to your diet: Take green leafy vegetables or calcium tablet 250 mg to 500 mg 4-6 hourly during menstruation. Calcium has been found to reduce both the physical and mental symptoms, occurring during menstruation by maintaining normal muscle tone of calcium-deficient hyperactive muscles.
5. Avoid foods that may cause constipation, especially in the last week of the menstrual cycle. This includes fried foods, sour foods and protein-rich pulses.
6. Lower your fat intake. High fat diets can worsen Dysmenorrhea.
7. Magnesium plays a role in controlling muscle tone and useful in preventing menstrual cramps. Take 360 mg per day of magnesium for three days beginning one day prior to start of expected flow.
Alternative treatment:
Position or posture of the body: Simply changing the position of the body can help ease cramps.
1. Fetal position: Knees pulled up to the chest while hugging a heating pad or pillow to the abdomen.
2. Cat stretch position: The woman rests on her hands and knees, slowly arching the back.
3. Pelvic tilt position: The woman lies with knees bent, and then lifts the pelvis and buttocks.
Homoeopathy for Menstrual Cramps: Homoeopathic remedies have had a repute of treating period pains and cramps efficiently. Mag Phos is a highly potent, and speedily acting for menstrual cramps. It alleviates menstrual cramps within 20 to 30 minutes of their onset. Furthermore, it reduces the intensity and frequency of the cramps with each successive period. It is especially indicated in women who have severe, spasmodic, painful cramps, associated with a slight backache.
Acupuncture: Acupuncture may be a useful therapy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea
Home remedies for Dysmenorrhea (For Painful Menstruation):
1. Apply a heating pad to your lower abdomen (below your navel). Be careful NOT to fall asleep while this device is on.
2. Take warm showers or baths.
3. Do light circular massage with your fingertips around your lower abdomen.
4. Ginger: Ginger helps in painful menstruations and heavy blood flow. Boil grounded one fresh piece of ginger in one cup of water for few minutes. You can add sugar also if you want. Drink this at least three times in a day.
5. Parsley juice: Use of parsley juice on a regular basis is very effective home remedy in cramps and in irregular menstruations. This juice can be taken with other vegetable extracts like carrot juice.
6. Raw papaya: Eating unripe papaya will help to regulate the blood flow and help in severe pain during menstruation. Raw papaya helps in proper functioning of the muscles of the uterus, which enable the proper flow of blood.
7. Sesame seeds: Half-tablespoon of powder of sesame seeds with water twice daily is very effective to reduce the pain during menstruations in anemic person.
8. Coriander seeds: Coriander seeds are very useful for menstrual pain and also controls excess blood flow. Boil half liter water with six grams (15-20) of coriander seeds. You can add sugar also if you want. Drink when it is still warm.
9. Thuja extract: Thuja extract is very effective in resolving the symptoms of primary Dysmenorrhea. Thuja is commonly known as Arborvitae or Thujas. Boil 1 to 2 leaves of Thuja tree. Strain and drink the filtrate twice daily during menstrual periods. It is safe and well tolerated in the treatment of Dysmenorrhea.
10. Lemon grass is also beneficial in painful and difficult menstruation. It can be taken in the form of a tea.
11. Asafoetida (Hing) is very useful in increasing the secretion of the female hormone, progesterone. Thus it facilitates menstruation. Fry asafetida in a little ghee and take this paste thrice daily. For a bloated feeling in the abdomen, you can have a glass of buttermilk mixed with a pinch of asafetida.
12. Marigold: Marigold is very effective in severe pain during menstruation. Take 1-2 tablespoon of marigold extract two times a day. This also regulates the blood flow during menstruation.
Myths and Facts about Menstruation:
Myth: Do not drink ice water during menstruation.
Fact: Cold water does not have any effect during menstruation.
Myth: Should not swim during menstruation
Fact: As long as women wear pads and did not feel uncomfortable, there is no restriction of swimming during menstruation.
Myth: Teenagers who have not started menstruating cannot get pregnant.
Fact: In many females ovulation starts much before menstruation so pregnancy can happen.
Myth: Don’t wash your hair when you’re menstruating.
Fact: There is absolutely no reason not to wash your hair. In fact, a nice warm bath can do a lot to relieve menstrual cramps and premenstrual tension. Just avoid cold water during your period.
Myth: You won’t get pregnant if you have sex during menstruation
Fact: Don’t count on it! Unless you’re using The Pill, an internal device, or another hormonal type of contraception, there are no safe days as ovulation can happen at any time, especially if periods aren't regular.
Myth: Menstrual cycles should always be 28 days.
Fact: The length of a normal cycle ranges between approximately 20 to 45 days with an average cycle length of 28 days.
Myth: Women are always moody, bitchy, and irrational during menstruation.
Fact: Not all women experience PMS symptoms or the same symptoms.
Myth: Virgins or young women can't use tampons.
Fact: The hymen stretches, if you want to use tampons at any time or age, you can. Virginity does not end when you use a tampon.
Myth: It’s unhealthy to have sex during your period.
Fact: Though uncomfortable in some women, there is no medical reason to avoid sexual intercourse during menstruation, even orgasm sometimes relieve cramping.
Warning: The reader of this article should exercise all precautions before following any of the method mentioned in this article and the site. To avoid any problems, it is advised that you consult a doctor. The responsibility lies solely with the reader and not with the site or the writer.
Posted by Dr Akshay at 11:53 AM
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Empat Bumbu Berkhasiat Penyembuh
Selasa, 06 Juli 2010 17:00 WIB
Empat Bumbu Berkhasiat Penyembuh
Penulis : Ikarowina Tarigan
http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediahidupsehat/index.php/read/2010/07/07/2827/11/Empat_Bumbu_Berkhasiat_Penyembuh
Empat_Bumbu_Berkhasiat_Penyembuh
deshvidesh.com
UNTUK mengatasi beragam gangguan ringan, Anda tidak perlu bergantung pada obat-obat kimia. Cobalah meminimalkan efek negatif kimia dengan menggunakan herbal dan bumbu yang mengandung komponen tumbuhan bermanfaat.
Berikut beberapa bumbu berkhasiat penyembuh yang bisa menjadi pilihan Anda:
Cengkeh
Bumbu beraroma khas ini mengandung zat kimia antiperadangan yang dikenal dengan eugenol. Studi-studi pada hewan menunjukkan, zat kimia ini menghambat COX-2, protein yang memacu peradangan. Selain itu, menurut temuan studi lain, cengkeh juga kaya antioksidan.
Kombinasi antiperadangan dan antioksidan dalam cengkeh mempunyai sejumlah manfaat, mulai dari melindungi jantung dan membantu mencegah kanker, hingga memperlambat kerusakan tulang dan tulang rawan akibat radang sendi. Di samping itu, komponen dalam cengkeh (seperti yang terkandung dalam kulit manis) juga terlihat memperbaiki fungsi insulin.
Sakit gigi? Cobalah meletakkan dua cengkeh utuh dalam mulut Anda. Biarkan cengkeh melembut, kemudian gigit perlahan untuk melepaskan kandungan minyak di dalamnya. Selanjutnya, gerakkan cengkeh tersebut ke area gigi yang sakit dan biarkan hingga setengah jam.
Minyak cengkeh berfungsi melawan bakteri sekaligus mempunyai efek mematikan rasa. Hasil tes menunjukkan, cengkeh juga membunuh bakteri tertentu yang kebal terhadap antibiotik.
Ketumbar
Biji ketumbar telah digunakan selama ribuan tahun untuk membantu pencernaan. Cobalah membuat teh kuat dari biji ketumbar yang sudah dihaluskan (saring sebelum diminum). Herbal satu ini bisa membantu mengatasi sindrom gangguan usus dengan cara menenangkan kejang usus (yang bisa memicu diare).
Studi-studi pendahuluan juga menunjukkan bahwa ketumbar bisa meredakan kecemasan. Dan kandungan minyak di dalamnya berfungsi melawan bakteri, termasuk E. coli dan salmonella. Di samping itu, studi menunjukakn bahwa ketumbar bisa menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Sama seperti herbal lainnya, ketumbar bekerja sebagai antioksidan.
Buah pala
Sama seperti cengkeh, buah pala mengandung eugenol, komponen yang bermanfaat menjaga kesehatan jantung. Kandungan myristicin dalam bumbu satu ini bisa menyebabkan euforia. Efek ini dinyatakan sama dengan efek yang dipicu obat ekstasi.
Dari sisi medis, buah pala mengandung komponen antibakteri kuat. Komponen di dalamnya terbukti bisa membunuh sejumlah bakteri penyebab gigi berlubang dalam mulut. Selain itu, myristicin juga terlihat menghambat enzim dalam otak yang memciu penyakit kepikunan serta memperbaiki memori pada tikus.
Sage
Sage dikenal sebagai penguat memori. Studi-studi laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa sage melindungi otak dari proses-proses yang memicu kepikunan. Studi pada manusia menunjukkan bahwa minyak dalam sage berfungsi memperbaiki suasana hati, meningkatkan kepekaan, ketenangan, dan kepuasan. Sebuah studi dari Inggris menemukan, orang dewasa sehat mempunyai performa tes mengingat kata yang lebih baik setelah mengonsumsi kapsul berisik minyak sage.
Sama seperti banyak herbal dan bumbu lainnya, sage mengandung komponen antiperadangan dan antioksidan. Sekarang ini, sage juga dinyatakan berpotensi mengatasi diabetes. Herbal ini terlihat meningkatkan aksi insulin dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah. Sebagai akibatnya, sage seringkali disebut-sebut sebagai metformin (obat antidiabetes yang umum digunakan). Beberapa peneliti menyatakan bahwa suplemen sage bisa membantu mencegah diabetes tipe 2.(IK/X-12)
Empat Bumbu Berkhasiat Penyembuh
Penulis : Ikarowina Tarigan
http://www.mediaindonesia.com/mediahidupsehat/index.php/read/2010/07/07/2827/11/Empat_Bumbu_Berkhasiat_Penyembuh
Empat_Bumbu_Berkhasiat_Penyembuh
deshvidesh.com
UNTUK mengatasi beragam gangguan ringan, Anda tidak perlu bergantung pada obat-obat kimia. Cobalah meminimalkan efek negatif kimia dengan menggunakan herbal dan bumbu yang mengandung komponen tumbuhan bermanfaat.
Berikut beberapa bumbu berkhasiat penyembuh yang bisa menjadi pilihan Anda:
Cengkeh
Bumbu beraroma khas ini mengandung zat kimia antiperadangan yang dikenal dengan eugenol. Studi-studi pada hewan menunjukkan, zat kimia ini menghambat COX-2, protein yang memacu peradangan. Selain itu, menurut temuan studi lain, cengkeh juga kaya antioksidan.
Kombinasi antiperadangan dan antioksidan dalam cengkeh mempunyai sejumlah manfaat, mulai dari melindungi jantung dan membantu mencegah kanker, hingga memperlambat kerusakan tulang dan tulang rawan akibat radang sendi. Di samping itu, komponen dalam cengkeh (seperti yang terkandung dalam kulit manis) juga terlihat memperbaiki fungsi insulin.
Sakit gigi? Cobalah meletakkan dua cengkeh utuh dalam mulut Anda. Biarkan cengkeh melembut, kemudian gigit perlahan untuk melepaskan kandungan minyak di dalamnya. Selanjutnya, gerakkan cengkeh tersebut ke area gigi yang sakit dan biarkan hingga setengah jam.
Minyak cengkeh berfungsi melawan bakteri sekaligus mempunyai efek mematikan rasa. Hasil tes menunjukkan, cengkeh juga membunuh bakteri tertentu yang kebal terhadap antibiotik.
Ketumbar
Biji ketumbar telah digunakan selama ribuan tahun untuk membantu pencernaan. Cobalah membuat teh kuat dari biji ketumbar yang sudah dihaluskan (saring sebelum diminum). Herbal satu ini bisa membantu mengatasi sindrom gangguan usus dengan cara menenangkan kejang usus (yang bisa memicu diare).
Studi-studi pendahuluan juga menunjukkan bahwa ketumbar bisa meredakan kecemasan. Dan kandungan minyak di dalamnya berfungsi melawan bakteri, termasuk E. coli dan salmonella. Di samping itu, studi menunjukakn bahwa ketumbar bisa menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Sama seperti herbal lainnya, ketumbar bekerja sebagai antioksidan.
Buah pala
Sama seperti cengkeh, buah pala mengandung eugenol, komponen yang bermanfaat menjaga kesehatan jantung. Kandungan myristicin dalam bumbu satu ini bisa menyebabkan euforia. Efek ini dinyatakan sama dengan efek yang dipicu obat ekstasi.
Dari sisi medis, buah pala mengandung komponen antibakteri kuat. Komponen di dalamnya terbukti bisa membunuh sejumlah bakteri penyebab gigi berlubang dalam mulut. Selain itu, myristicin juga terlihat menghambat enzim dalam otak yang memciu penyakit kepikunan serta memperbaiki memori pada tikus.
Sage
Sage dikenal sebagai penguat memori. Studi-studi laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa sage melindungi otak dari proses-proses yang memicu kepikunan. Studi pada manusia menunjukkan bahwa minyak dalam sage berfungsi memperbaiki suasana hati, meningkatkan kepekaan, ketenangan, dan kepuasan. Sebuah studi dari Inggris menemukan, orang dewasa sehat mempunyai performa tes mengingat kata yang lebih baik setelah mengonsumsi kapsul berisik minyak sage.
Sama seperti banyak herbal dan bumbu lainnya, sage mengandung komponen antiperadangan dan antioksidan. Sekarang ini, sage juga dinyatakan berpotensi mengatasi diabetes. Herbal ini terlihat meningkatkan aksi insulin dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah. Sebagai akibatnya, sage seringkali disebut-sebut sebagai metformin (obat antidiabetes yang umum digunakan). Beberapa peneliti menyatakan bahwa suplemen sage bisa membantu mencegah diabetes tipe 2.(IK/X-12)
Senin, 10 Januari 2011
How to Fight Asthma Without Medication
How to Fight Asthma Without Medication
By an eHow Contributor
http://www.ehow.com/how_2057169_fight-asthma-medication.html
Asthma is a condition that restricts airways and makes it difficult to breath. Allergies, stress, anxiety and exercise contribute to asthma attacks. Asthma medications can be expensive and have unwanted side effects. Fighting asthma naturally is a little more complicated, but the benefits are worth the time and effort.
Difficulty: Moderately Easy
Instructions
1.
1
Discover what allergies the person with asthma has. Avoid the allergens to prevent asthma attacks.
2.
2
Eat foods that relieve asthma symptoms. Salmon, tuna and mackerel are rich with Omega 3 fatty acids, which reduce the production of inflammatory compounds, improve pulmonary function, and prevent constriction caused by exercise. The magnesium found in spinach, almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, beans and tofu helps reduce the occurrence of asthma attacks. Fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C and B reduce stress and inflammation. Prostaglandins found in onions relax bronchial muscles
3.
3
Drink chlorine-free distilled or purified water. Studies have found that chlorine irritates receptors in the throat and lungs.
4.
4
Practice breathing exercises daily. Slowing breathe and inhale through the nose to slow and sometimes stop an asthma attack. Relax and breathe in through the nose and out through the mouth to strengthen the respiratory muscles.
5.
5
Use essential oils. Marjoram, rose and frankincense help lungs expand and encourage deep breathing. Chamomile, germium, lavender, rose and marjoram reduce respiratory spasms and help relax bronchial muscles. Test the oils for allergens. The oils can be dropped in a warm bath, used in a humidifier or used on the soles of the feet. Lavender and eucalyptus are best used during an asthma attack because they relax and open airways.
Saltpipe for Childrenwww.thesaltpipe.co.uk
Natural salt therapy for asthma allergy/hay fever/bronchitis
Prevent Asthma Attackswww.GREENGUARD.org
Heathier Air Your Home Helps Your Child Breathe Easier
Essential oils wholesalewww.idaromatics.co.uk
We Have Been Trading For 23 Years Poss Best Prices in UK, Leeds Based
Bulgarian Rose Oilwww.BulgarianRoseOtto.com
Read more: How to Fight Asthma Without Medication | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2057169_fight-asthma-medication.html#ixzz1ALszd9ks
By an eHow Contributor
http://www.ehow.com/how_2057169_fight-asthma-medication.html
Asthma is a condition that restricts airways and makes it difficult to breath. Allergies, stress, anxiety and exercise contribute to asthma attacks. Asthma medications can be expensive and have unwanted side effects. Fighting asthma naturally is a little more complicated, but the benefits are worth the time and effort.
Difficulty: Moderately Easy
Instructions
1.
1
Discover what allergies the person with asthma has. Avoid the allergens to prevent asthma attacks.
2.
2
Eat foods that relieve asthma symptoms. Salmon, tuna and mackerel are rich with Omega 3 fatty acids, which reduce the production of inflammatory compounds, improve pulmonary function, and prevent constriction caused by exercise. The magnesium found in spinach, almonds, cashews, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, beans and tofu helps reduce the occurrence of asthma attacks. Fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C and B reduce stress and inflammation. Prostaglandins found in onions relax bronchial muscles
3.
3
Drink chlorine-free distilled or purified water. Studies have found that chlorine irritates receptors in the throat and lungs.
4.
4
Practice breathing exercises daily. Slowing breathe and inhale through the nose to slow and sometimes stop an asthma attack. Relax and breathe in through the nose and out through the mouth to strengthen the respiratory muscles.
5.
5
Use essential oils. Marjoram, rose and frankincense help lungs expand and encourage deep breathing. Chamomile, germium, lavender, rose and marjoram reduce respiratory spasms and help relax bronchial muscles. Test the oils for allergens. The oils can be dropped in a warm bath, used in a humidifier or used on the soles of the feet. Lavender and eucalyptus are best used during an asthma attack because they relax and open airways.
Saltpipe for Childrenwww.thesaltpipe.co.uk
Natural salt therapy for asthma allergy/hay fever/bronchitis
Prevent Asthma Attackswww.GREENGUARD.org
Heathier Air Your Home Helps Your Child Breathe Easier
Essential oils wholesalewww.idaromatics.co.uk
We Have Been Trading For 23 Years Poss Best Prices in UK, Leeds Based
Bulgarian Rose Oilwww.BulgarianRoseOtto.com
Read more: How to Fight Asthma Without Medication | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2057169_fight-asthma-medication.html#ixzz1ALszd9ks
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