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? Abigail Alderete
? Ah Yoo Mi
? Ah Young
? Ahn Hae Sook
? Ahn Hye Kyung
? Ahn Hye Ran
? Ahn Ji Hyun
? Ahn Jung Yoon
? Ahn Moon Sook
? Ahn Nam Hee
? Ahn Seo Hyun
? Ahn So Hee
? Ahn Sun Young
? Ahn Yeo Jin
? Ahn Yeon Hong
? Ahn Young Joo
? Ailee
? Ali
B
? Bae Doo Na
? Bae Geu Rin
? Bae Jin Ah
? Bae Jong Ok
? Bae Min Hee
? Bae Noo Ri
? Bae Seul Gi
? Bae Suzy
? Baek Eun Ah
? Baek Hyun Sook
? Baek Jin Hee
? Baek Ok Dam
? Baek Seung Hee
? Baek So Mi
? Catherine Baillie
? Ban Hye Ra
? Ban Hyo Jung
? Ban So Young
? Bang Eun Hee
? Bang Eun Jin
? Bang Joon Seo
? Bi Ryu
? Bonnie
? Byul
? Byun Joo Yun
? Byun Jung Min
? Byun Jung Soo
? Byun So Jung
C
? Cha Hwa Yun
? Cha Hyun Jung
? Cha Joo Ok
? Cha Seo Won
? Cha Shi Eun
? Cha Soo Yun
? Cha Ye Ryun
? Cha Young Ok
? Chae Bin
? Chae Gook Hee
? Chae Jung Ahn
? Chae Min Seo
? Chae Rim
? Chae Si Ra
? Chae Yoon Suh
? Chae Young In
? Choi Ah Jin
? Choi Ah Ra
? Choi Eun Joo
? Choi Eun Seo
? Choi Eun Sook
C cont.
? Choi Ha Na
? Choi Hwa Jung
? Choi In Kyung
? Choi Ja Hye
? Choi Ji Na
? Choi Ji Woo
? Choi Jin Shil
? Choi Jung Won
? Choi Jung Won (1981 actress)
? Choi Jung Yoon
? Choi Kang Hee
? Choi Mi Young
? Choi Myung Gil
? Choi Na Rae
? Choi Ran
? Choi Song Hyun
? Choi Soo Eun
? Choi Soo Ji
? Choi Soo Rin
? Choi Soo Young
? Choi Sul Li
? Choi Sun Ja
? Choi Yeo Jin
? Choi Yoo Hwa
? Choi Yoo Jung
? Choi Yoon So
? Choi Yoon Young
? Choi Yoon Young (1986)
? Choi Young Wan
? Choo Ja Hyun
? Choo Sang Mi
? Choo So Young
? Chun Woo Hee
? Clara
D
? Dan Ji
? Dana
? Do Ji Won
E
? Eom Yoo Shin
? Esom
? Eugene
? Eun Joo Hee
? Eun Seo Woo
? Eva Popiel
G
? Ga Deuk Hee
? Ga In
? Ga Won
? Geum Bo Ra
? Geum Dan Bi
? Go Ah Ra
? Go Ah Sung
? Go Do Young
? Go Doo Shim
? Go Eun Ah
? Go Eun Chae
? Go Eun Mi
? Go Eun Young
? Go Ho Kyung
? Go Joo Yun
? Go Joon Hee
? Go Jung Min
? Go Na Eun
? Go Soo Hee
? Go Woo Ri
? Gong Hyo Jin
? Gong Hyun Joo
? Goo Bon Im
? Goo Ha Ra
G cont.
? Gook Ji Yun
? Guzal Tursunova
H
? Ha Da Som
? Ha Hee Ra
? Ha Hwang Haiyen
? Ha Jae Sook
? Ha Ji Won
? Ha Joo Hee
? Ha Mi Hye
? Ha Seung Ri
? Ha Si Eun
? Ha Yoo Mi
? Ha Yoon
? Ha Yun Joo
? Ha Yun Soo
? Ham Eun Jung
? Ham So Won
? Han Bo Bae
? Han Bo Ram
? Han Chae Ah
? Han Chae Young
? Han Da Min
? Han Eun Jung
? Han Ga In
? Han Go Eun
? Han Groo
? Han Hee (1980)
? Han Hye Jin
? Han Hye Rin
? Han Hye Sook
? Han Hyo Joo
? Han Ji Hye
? Han Ji Min
? Han Ji Woo
? Han Ji Yun
? Han Kyung Sun
? Han Min
? Han Min Chae
? Han Na Na
? Han Seung Yeon
? Han Si Yoon
? Han So Jung
? Han So Young
? Han Song Yi
? Han Soo Yun
? Han Sul Ah
? Han Sun Hwa
? Han Sya Oh
? Han Tae Yoon
? Han Ye Rin
? Han Ye Seul
? Han Ye Won
? Han Yeo Reum
? Han Yeo Woon
? Han Yoo Yi
? Han Young Sook
? Harisu
? Hee Won
? Heo In Young
? Heo Jin
? Heo Yi Jae
? Heo Yi Seul
? Heo Yoon Jung
? Heo Young Ran
? Hong Ah Reum
? Hong Choong Min


? Hong Eun Hee
? Hong In Young
? Hong Ji Min
? Hong Ji Young
? Hong Jin Hee
? Hong Ri Na
? Hong So Hee
? Hong Soo Ah
? Hong Soo Hyun
? Hong Sung Sun
? Hong Ye In
? Hong Yeo Jin
? Hong Yoo Jin
? Hong Yoon Hwa
? Horan
? Hwang Bo Ra
? Hwang Eun Ha
? Hwang Eun Hye
? Hwang Geum Byul
? Hwang Hye Young
? Hwang In Young
? Hwang Ji Hyun
? Hwang Jung Eum
? Hwang Mi Sun
? Hwang Seung Eon
? Hwang Shin Hye
? Hwang Soo Jung
? Hwang Sun Hee
? Hwang Woo Seul Hye
? Hye Jung
? Hyo Min
? Hyo Rin
? Hyo Young
? Hyun Jung Eun
? Hyun Jyu Ni
? Hyun Seung Min
? Hyun Sook Hee
? Hyun Young
I
? Im Chae Won
? Im Eun Hye
? Im Hyo Sun
? Im Hyun Kyung
? Im Ji Eun
? Im Joo Eun
? Im Jung Eun
? Im Se Mi
? Im Seo Yeon
? Im Soo Hyang
? Im Soo Jung
? Im Sung Min
? Im Yae Won
? Im Ye Jin
? Im Yoo Jin
? Im Yoo Jin (1983)
? Im Yoon Jung
? IU
? Ivy
J
? Jang Ah Young
? Jang Da Yoon
? Jang Han Na
? Jang Hee Jin
? Jang Hee Jin (1944)
? Jang Hye Sook
? Jang Ja Yun
? Jang Ji Min
? Jang Jin Young
? Jang Joon Yoo


? Kang Eun Bi
? Kang Hye Jung
? Kang Joo Hyung
? Kang Jung Hwa
? Kang Ki Hwa
? Kang Kyung Hun
? Kang Min Ah
? Kang Min Kyung
? Kang Moon Young
? Kang Rae Yun
? Kang So Ra
? Kang Soo Yeon
? Kang Sung Yun
? Kang Tae Eun
? Kang Ye Seo
? Kang Ye Sol
? Kang Ye Won
? Kang Yoo Mi
? Kim Ae Kyung
? Kim Ae Ran
? Kim Ah Joong
? Kim Bin Woo
? Kim Bo Kyung
? Kim Bo Mi
? Kim Bo Mi (1987)
? Kim Bo Ra
? Kim Bo Reum
? Kim Bo Yun
? Kim Bok Hee
? Kim Bu Sun
? Kim Byung Sun
? Kim Chae Yun
? Kim Chang Sook
? Kim Chung
? Kim Da In
? Kim Deanna
? Kim Do Yun (1966)
? Kim Do Yun (1978)
? Kim Dong Joo
? Kim Eul Dong
? Kim Eun Jung
? Kim Eun Jung (1970)
? Kim Eun Jung (1986)
? Kim Eun Soo
? Kim Eun Sook (actress)
? Kim Eun Suh
? Kim Ga Eun
? Kim Ga Yun
? Kim Ha Eun
? Kim Ha Neul
? Kim Ha Neul (1988)
? Kim Ha Yoo
? Kim Ha Yoon
? Kim Ha Yun
? Kim Hae In
? Kim Hae Sook
? Kim Hee
? Kim Hee Ae
? Kim Hee Jin
? Kim Hee Jung (1970)
? Kim Hee Jung (1992)
? Kim Hee Ryung
? Kim Hee Sun
? Kim Hwa Joo
? Kim Hwan Hee
? Kim Hyang Gi
? Kim Hye Eun
K cont.
? Kim Hye Ja
? Kim Hye Jin
? Kim Hye Jung
? Kim Hye Kyung
? Kim Hye Na
? Kim Hye Ok
? Kim Hye Ri
? Kim Hye Soo
? Kim Hye Sun
? Kim Hyo Jin
? Kim Hyo Jin (1976)
? Kim Hyo Seo
? Kim Hyo Sun
? Kim Hyo Yeon
? Kim Hyun Ah
? Kim Hyun Joo
? Kim Hyun Joo (1964)
? Kim Hyun Jung
? Kim Hyun Soo
? Kim Hyun Sook
? Kim Hyung Ja
? Kim In Seo
? Kim Ja Ok
? Kim Jae In
? Kim Ji Ho
? Kim Ji Hyun
? Kim Ji Min
? Kim Ji Soo
? Kim Ji Sook
? Kim Ji Sun
? Kim Ji Won
? Kim Ji Won (1992)
? Kim Ji Woo
? Kim Ji Young
? Kim Ji Young (1974)
? Kim Ji Young (1990)
? Kim Ji Yun
? Kim Joo Hyun
? Kim Joo Il
? Kim Jung Ah
? Kim Jung Eun
? Kim Jung Ha
? Kim Jung Hwa
? Kim Jung Min (1989)
? Kim Jung Nan
? Kim Ki Sub
? Kim Kyu Ri
? Kim Kyu Ri (1979)
? Kim Kyung Sook
? Kim Mi Hee
? Kim Mi Jin
? Kim Mi Kyung
? Kim Mi Ra
? Kim Mi Ryeo
? Kim Mi So
? Kim Mi Sook
? Kim Mi Yeon
? Kim Min
? Kim Min Ha
? Kim Min Hee
? Kim Min Hee (1972)
? Kim Min Hee (1976)
? Kim Min Ja
? Kim Min Ji
? Kim Min Jung
? Kim Min Jung (1948)
? Kim Min Jwa
K cont.
? Kim Min Kyung (1960)
? Kim Min Kyung (1981)
? Kim Min Kyung (1981/II)
? Kim Min Kyung (1989)
? Kim Min Seo
? Kim Na Rae
? Kim Na Woon
? Kim Na Young
? Kim Nam Joo
? Kim Ok Bin
? Kim Ri Na
? Kim Sa Rang
? Kim Sae Rom
? Kim Sae Ron
? Kim Se Ah
? Kim Se Jung
? Kim Seo Ra
? Kim Seul Gi
? Kim Shi Hyang
? Kim Si Won
? Kim So Eun
? Kim So Hee
? Kim So Hyun
? Kim So Hyun (1977)
? Kim So Yi
? Kim So Young
? Kim So Yun
? Kim So Yun (1984)
? Kim So Yun (2002)
? Kim Song Hee
? Kim Soo Hyun (1971)
? Kim Soo Hyun (1985)
? Kim Soo Jung
? Kim Soo Mi
? Kim Soo Yun
? Kim Soo Yun (II)
? Kim Sook
? Kim Suh Hyung
? Kim Suk Ok
? Kim Sul Hyun
? Kim Sun Ah
? Kim Sun Hwa
? Kim Sun Kyung
? Kim Sun Young (1982)
? Kim Sung Eun
? Kim Sung Ryung
? Kim Tae Hee
? Kim Tae Hee (1983)
? Kim Tae Yeon (1976)
? Kim Tae Yeon (1989)
? Kim Won Hee
? Kim Won Mi
? Kim Ye Jin
? Kim Ye Rang
? Kim Ye Ryung
? Kim Ye Won (1987)
? Kim Ye Won (1989)
? Kim Ye Won (1997)
? Kim Yeo Jin
? Kim Yeon Joo
? Kim Yong Rim
? Kim Yong Sun
? Kim Yoo Bin (1988)
? Kim Yoo Bin (2005)
? Kim Yoo Hyun
? Kim Yoo Jin (2)

? Kim Yoo Jung
? Kim Yoo Mi
? Kim Yoo Ri (1977)
? Kim Yoo Ri (1984)
? Kim Yoo Ri (1991)
? Kim Yoo Ri (2000)
? Kim Yoon Hee
? Kim Yoon Hye
? Kim Yoon Jin
? Kim Yoon Jung
? Kim Yoon Kyung
? Kim Yoon Kyung (1949)
? Kim Yoon Seo
? Kim Young Ae (1951)
? Kim Young Ae (1980)
? Kim Young Mi
? Kim Young Ok
? Kim Young Ran
? Kim Yul
? Kim Yun Joo (1966)
? Ko Hyun Jung
? Ko So Young
? Koo Hye Sun
? Krystal Jung
? Kwak Hyun Hwa
? Kwak Ji Min
? Kwon Eun Ah
? Kwon Jae Hee
? Kwon Ki Sun
? Kwon Kwi Ok
? Kwon Min Joong
? Kwon Yoo Ri
? Kyun Mi Ri
? Kyung In Sun
? Kyung Soo Jin
L
? Lee Ae Jung
? Lee Ah Hyun
? Lee Ah Yi
? Lee Bo Hee
? Lee Bo Young
? Lee Bon
? Lee Chae Mi
? Lee Chae Won
? Lee Chae Young
? Lee Chae Yun
? Lee Chung Ah
? Lee Da Hae
? Lee Da Hee
? Lee Da In
? Lee Da Jin
? Lee Do Hyun (1984)
? Lee Duk Hee
? Lee El
? Lee Eon Jeong
? Lee Eui Jung
? Lee Eun
? Lee Eun Hye
? Lee Eun Ji
? Lee Eun Joo
? Lee Eun Jung
? Lee Eun Song
? Lee Eun Woo
? Lee Eun Young
? Lee Eung Kyung
? Lee Ga Heun
? Lee Ga Hyun
? Lee Gun Joo
L cont.
? Lee Ha Na
? Lee Ha Ni
? Lee Ha Nui
? Lee Hae In
? Lee Han Na
? Lee Han Na (1956)
? Lee Hang Na
? Lee Hee Jin
? Lee Hwa Sun
? Lee Hwi Hyang
? Lee Hye Eun
? Lee Hye In
? Lee Hye Mi
? Lee Hye Sang
? Lee Hye Sook
? Lee Hye Young
? Lee Hye Young (1962)
? Lee Hyo Choon
? Lee Hyo Ri
? Lee Hyun Ji
? Lee Hyun Kyung
? Lee Hyun Shil
? Lee Il Hwa
? Lee In Hye
? Lee Ip Sae
? Lee Ja Young
? Lee Jae Eun
? Lee Ji Ah
? Lee Ji Eun
? Lee Ji Eun (1971)
? Lee Ji Hyun (1978)
? Lee Ji Hyun (1983)
? Lee Ji Hyun (1984)
? Lee Ji Soo
? Lee Jin
? Lee Jin Ah
? Lee Jong Hee
? Lee Jong Nam
? Lee Joo Hee
? Lee Joo Hwa
? Lee Joo Rang
? Lee Joo Shil
? Lee Joo Yeon (1987)
? Lee Joo Yeon (2002)
? Lee Jung Hyun
? Lee Jung Yoon
? Lee Kan Hee
? Lee Kyung Hwa
? Lee Kyung Jin
? Lee Kyung Shil
? Lee Kyung Shim
? Lee Mae Ri
? Lee Mi Ji
? Lee Mi Kyung
? Lee Mi So
? Lee Mi So (1990)
? Lee Mi Sook
? Lee Mi Yeon
? Lee Mi Young
? Lee Min
? Lee Min Hee
? Lee Min Jung
? Lee Min Young
? Lee Moon Hee
? Lee Na Eun
? Lee Na Young
? Lee Sang Ah
L cont.
? Lee Sang Mi
? Lee Sang Sook
? Lee Sang Yi
? Lee Se Eun
? Lee Se Na
? Lee Se Young
? Lee Seo Yun
? Lee Seol Ah
? Lee Seung Ah (1978)
? Lee Seung Ah (1981)
? Lee Seung Min
? Lee Seung Shin
? Lee Seung Yun
? Lee Shi Eun
? Lee Si Young
? Lee So Jung
? Lee So Ra
? Lee So Ra (model)
? Lee So Won
? Lee So Yeon
? Lee Soo Jin
? Lee Soo Kyung
? Lee Soo Min
? Lee Soo Na
? Lee Soo Young
? Lee Sook
? Lee Sun Ah
? Lee Sun Jin
? Lee Tae Im
? Lee Tae Kyung
? Lee Tae Ran
? Lee Ye Rim (1979)
? Lee Ye Rim (1995)
? Lee Yeon Doo
? Lee Yeon Hee
? Lee Yeon Soo
? Lee Yo Won
? Lee Yoo Bi
? Lee Yoo Jin
? Lee Yoo Jung
? Lee Yoo Ri
? Lee Yoon Ji
? Lee Yoon Mi
? Lee Yoon Sung
? Lee Young Ae
? Lee Young Ah
? Lee Young Eun
? Lee Young Ja
? Lee Young Jin
? Lee Young Yoo
? Lee Yun Kyung
? Lim Eun Kyeong
? Lim Seong Eon
? Lim So Yeong
? Lizzy
? Luna
M
? Maya
? MayBee
? Min Ah Ryung
? Min Hyo Rin
? Min Ji
? Min Ji Ah
? Min Ji Hyun
? Min Ji Oh
? Min Ji Young
? Min Seo Hyun














J cont.
? Jang Jung Hee
? Jang Kyung Ah
? Jang Mi Hee
? Jang Mi Hee (1984)
? Jang Mi In Ae
? Jang Na Ra
? Jang Se Yoon
? Jang Seo Hee
? Jang Shin Young
? Jang Young Nam
? Jang Young Ran
? Jennifer Lee
? Jessica Gomes
? Jessica Jung
? Ji Joo Yun
? Ji Soo Won
? Ji Sung Won
? Ji Woo
? Ji Yoo
? Jin Hee Kyung
? Jin Jae Young
? Jin Ji Hee
? Jin Kyung
? Jin Se Yun
? Jin Ye Sol
? Jo An
? Jo Bo Ah
? Jo Da Eun
? Jo Eun Ji
? Jo Eun Ji (1988)
? Jo Eun Sook
? Jo Ha Rang
? Jo Han Na
? Jo Hyang Ki
? Jo Hye Ryun
? Jo Hyun Sook
? Jo Jung Eun
? Jo Jung Rin
? Jo Mi Ryung
? Jo Min Soo
? Jo Se Eun
? Jo Soo Hyun
? Jo Soo Min
? Jo Woo Ri
? Jo Yang Ja
? Jo Yeo Jung
? Jo Yi Jin
? Jo Yoon Hee
? Joo Da Young
? Joo Hye Rin
? Joo Min Ha
? Joon Hyung
? Jun Bo Ram
? Jun Bo Young
? Jun Do Yun
? Jun Hee Joo
? Jun Hye Bin
? Jun Hye Jin
? Jun Hye Jin (1970)
? Jun Hye Jin (1976)
? Jun Hyun Ah
? Jun In Hwa
? Jun Ji Ae
? Jun Ji Hyun
? Jun Mi Sun
? Jun Min Seo
? Jun Se Hong
J cont.
? Jun So Min
? Jun Soo Jin
? Jun Soo Kyung
? Jun Soo Yeon
? Jun Won Joo
? Jun Yang Ja
? Jun Ye Seo
? Jung Ae Ran
? Jung Ae Ri
? Jung Ae Yun
? Jung Ah Reum
? Jung Da Bin
? Jung Da Bin (2000)
? Jung Da Hye
? Jung Da Young
? Jung Eun Byul
? Jung Eun Chae
? Jung Eun Ji
? Jung Ha Na
? Jung Han Bi
? Jung Hee Jung
? Jung Hoo
? Jung Hye Mi
? Jung Hye Sun
? Jung Hye Won
? Jung Hye Young
? Jung In Sun
? Jung Jae Soon
? Jung Jae Yun
? Jung Ji Ah
? Jung Ji Ahn
? Jung Ji In
? Jung Joo Eun
? Jung Joo Hee
? Jung Joo Ri
? Jung Joo Yun
? Jung Jung Ah
? Jung Kyung Soon
? Jung Min Ah
? Jung Min Joo
? Jung Ryu Won
? Jung Si Ah
? Jung So Min
? Jung So Nyu
? Jung So Young
? Jung Soo In
? Jung Soo Young
? Jung Sun Hwa
? Jung Sun Kyung
? Jung Sun Woo
? Jung Sung Mi
? Jung Yang
? Jung Yi Yun
? Jung Yoo Mi
? Jung Yoo Mi (1984)
? Jung Yoon Jo
? Jung Yoon Sun
? Jung Young Sook
? Jung Yun Joo
K
? Kal So Won
? Kang Bo Bae
? Kang Bo Kyung
? Kang Boo Ja
? Kang Byul
? Kang Chan Yang
? Kang Cho Hee
M
Min Young Won
Moon Bo Ryung
Moon Chae Won
Moon Ga Young
Moon Geun Young
Moon Hee Kyung
Moon Ji Eun
Moon Jung Hee
Moon So Ri
Mun Young Mi
Myung Ji Yun
Myung Se Bin
N
Na Hye Mi
Na Hyun Hee
Na Kyung Mi
Na Moon Hee
Na Yeon
Na Young Hee
Nam Bo Ra
Nam Gyu Ri
Nam Hyun Joo
Nam Ji Hyun
Nam Ji Hyun (1990)
Nam Joo Hee
Nam Neung Mi
Nam Sang Mi
Nam Yoon Jung
Narsha
No Hyun Hee
No Sung Eun
Noh Jung Ui
Noh Yoon
O
Oh Eun Ho
Oh Hyun Kyung
Oh Ji Eun
Oh Ji Hye
Oh Ji Young
Oh Joo Eun
Oh Joo Yi
Oh Jung Hae
Oh Mi Hee
Oh Mi Yeon
Oh Na Mi
Oh Na Ra
Oh San Ha
Oh Se Jung
Oh Seung Eun
Oh Seung Hyun
Oh Sol Mi
Oh Soo Min
Oh Yeon Seo
Oh Yoon Ah
Oh Young Shil
Oh Yun Soo
Ok Ji Young
On Jo
P
Park Ah In
Park Bo Young
Park Bodre
Park Chae Kyung
Park Da An
Park Eun Bin
Park Eun Hye
Park Eun Joo
Park Eun Young
Park Gri Na
Park Gyu Ri
P cont.
Park Ha Na
Park Ha Sun
Park Ha Young
Park Hae Mi
Park Han Byul
Park Hee Bon
Park Hee Jin
Park Hye Sook
Park Hye Won
Park Hye Young
Park Hyo Bin
Park Hyo Joo
Park Hyun Sook
Park Hyun Young
Park Jae Rom
Park Ji Eun
Park Ji Mi
Park Ji Yeon
Park Ji Yoon
Park Ji Young
Park Jin Hee
Park Joo Ah
Park Joo Hee
Park Joo Mi
Park Joon Geum
Park Joon Hee
Park Joon Myun
Park Jung Ah
Park Jung Soo
Park Jung Sook
Park Jung Sook (1970)
Park Kahi
Park Kyung Rim
Park Mi Sun
Park Min Ha
Park Min Ji
Park Min Young
Park Roo Si Ah
Park Sa Rang
Park Sang Ah
Park Se Young
Park Seul Gi
Park Shi Eun
Park Shin Hye
Park Si Yeon
Park So Hyun
Park So Yeon
Park Sol Mi
Park Soo In
Park Soo Jin
Park Soon Ae
Park Soon Chun
Park Sun Young
Park Sun Young (1970)
Park Sung Mi
Park Tam Hee
Park Won Sook
Park Ye Jin
Park Yeon Ah
Park Yoo Sun
Park Young Rin
Q
Qri
R
Ri Kyung
Ryu Da Young
Ryu Hyun Kyung
Ryu Shi Hyun
S
Sa Hee
S cont.
Sa Hyun Jin
Sa Kang
Sa Mi Ja
Sandara Park
SAT
Seo Hye Jin
Seo Hye Rin
Seo Hyo Rim
Seo Hyun (1991)
Seo Hyun Jin
Seo In Young
Seo Ji Hye
Seo Ji Seung
Seo Ji Young
Seo Kap Sook
Seo Kwon Soon
Seo Seung Ah
Seo Shin Ae
Seo Won
Seo Woo
Seo Woo Rim
Seo Yeon Joo
Seo Yi Sook
Seo Yoo Jung
Seo Yoon Ah
Seo Young
Seo Young Hee
Seol Ji Yoon
Seol Soo Jin
Seol Yoon
Shim Eun Ha
Shim Eun Jin
Shim Eun Kyung
Shim Hye Jin
Shim Min
Shim Yi Young
Shin Ae
Shin Ae Ra
Shin Ah
Shin Da Eun
Shin Dong Mi
Shin Eun Gyung
Shin Eun Jung
Shin Hyun Bin
Shin Ji
Shin Ji Soo
Shin Joo Ah
Shin Min Ah
Shin Min Hee
Shin Na Ri
Shin Se Kyung
Shin Shin Ae
Shin So Mi
Shin So Yool
Shin Soo Jung
Shin Yi
Shin Yoon Jung
So Yi Hyun
So Yoo Jin
Sol Bi
Son Chae Won
Son Dam Bi
Son Eun Seo
Son Ga Young
Son Hwa Ryung
Son Jung Min


Son Myung Eun
Son Na Eun
Son Sook
Son Sung Yoon
Son Tae Young
Son Ye Jin
Son Yeo Eun
Song Ah Young
Song Chae Hwan
Song Ha Yoon
Song Hee Ah
Song Hye Kyo
Song In Hwa
Song Ji Hyo
Song Ji Young
Song Ji Young (1982)
Song Joo Yeon
Song Kyung Hee
Song Min Ji
Song Min Jung
Song Ok Sook
Song Seo Yun
Song Sun Mi
Song Yi Woo
Song Yoon Ah
Song Yoon Kyung
Soo Ae
Suh Ji Hee
Suh Ji Hee (1990)
Suh Min Jung
Suh Seung Hyun
Suh Yoon Jae
Suk Jin Yi
Sun Ji Hyun
Sun Woo Eun Sook
Sun Woo Sun
Sun Woo Yong Nyeo
Sung Byung Sook
Sung Eun
Sung Hyun Ah
Sung Hyun Joo
Sung Yu Ri
Sunny
T
Tae Hyun Sil
T cont.
Tiffany
U
Uee
Uhm Hyun Kyung
Uhm Ji Won
Uhm Jung Hwa
Uhm Soo Jung
W
Wang Bit Na
Wang Hee Ji
Wang Ji Hye
Won Jae Young
Won Jong Rye
Won Mi Kyung
Won Mi Won
Won Young
Woo Hee Jin
Woo Kyung Ah
Woo Kyung Jin
Y
Yang Geum Suk
Yang Hee Kyung
Yang Jin Sung
Yang Jung Ah
Yang Mi Kyung
Yang Mi Ra
Ye Ji Won
Yeo Ji Hyo
Yeo Min Joo
Yeo Woon Kye
Yoo Chae Young
Yoo Da In
Yoo Ha Na
Yoo Ho Jung
Yoo Ho Rin
Yoo Hye Jung
Yoo Hye Ri
Yoo Hye Young
Yoo In Na
Yoo In Young
Yoo Ji In
Yoo Jin Soo
Yoo Kyung Ah
Yoo Min
Yoo Na Young
Yoo Sa Ra
Yoo Se Rye

Castor Oil that May Help Relieve Arthritis, Sciatica and Back Pain

http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/04/28/castor-oil-to-treat-health-conditions.aspx

Castor Oil that May Help Relieve Arthritis, Sciatica and Back Pain
April 28, 2012 | 212,510 views | + Add to Favorites
By Dr. Mercola

Folk healers around the world have used castor oil to treat a wide variety of ailments.You are probably aware that castor oil is regarded by some as a remedy for constipation.

But you may not be aware of its reported use as an antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal, or that it has been used topically to treat a variety of skin conditions, reduce pain, and stimulate your immune system.

Read on, because I'm about to explore the myth and mystery of this unusual oil, and of course, investigate what modern science has to say about it.

However, regardless of what some of the research has suggested, you should be very cautious when experimenting with castor oil since the science is sparse at best, and there are several known reports of unpleasant side effects experienced by some users.

History of the Castor Seed: Ricinus Communis

Castor oil comes from the castor seedi, Ricinus communis, which has a very unusual chemical composition.

Castor oil is a triglyceride, comprised of fatty acids, 90 percent of which is ricinoleic acid.

This unique fatty acid is found in lower concentrations in a few other seeds and oils (0.27 percent in cottonseed oil and 0.03 percent in soybean oilii) and is thought to be responsible for castor oil's unique healing properties.

The castor seed plant is native to India.

Centuries ago, the plant was referred to as "Palma Christe" because the leaves were said to resemble the hand of Christ.

This association likely arose out of people's reverence for the plant's healing abilities.

It was later adopted for medicinal use in Ancient Egypt, China, Persia, Africa, Greece, Rome, and eventually in 17th Century Europe and the Americas. Castor oil is now widely used in industry. The stem of the plant is used in the textile industry, particularly in Russia, where castor oil is known as "Kastorka." The oil has a very consistent viscosity and won't freeze, which makes it ideal for lubricating equipment in severely cold climates.

Modern non-medicinal uses for castor oil include:

Food additive and flavoring agent
Mold inhibitor
Ingredient in skin care products and cosmetics (lipstick, shampoo, soap, and others)
Used in the manufacturing of plastics, rubbers, synthetic resins, fibers, paints, varnishes, lubricants, sealants, dyes, and leather treatments; the lubricants company Castrol took its name from castor oil
Castor oil was first used as an aircraft lubricant in World War I. So, castor oil has a number of handy industrial uses. But did you know that the castor seeds from which castor oil is made can be DEADLY?

Part of the Castor Seed Heals—But Another Part Kills!

The potent toxin riciniii is made from a protein in the castor seeds that, if ingested (orally, nasally, or injected), gets into the ribosomes of your cells where it prevents protein synthesis, which kills the cells. Ricin is made from the "mash" that is left over after processing castor seeds into oil. Just 1 milligram of ricin is fatal if inhaled or ingested, and much less than that if injected. Eating just 5 to 10 castor seeds would be fatal.

Once poisoned, there's no antidote, which is why ricin has been used as a chemical warfare agent. Even though such a toxic component is also derived from this seed, castor oil isn't considered dangerous.

According to the International Journal of Toxicology's Final Report on Castor Oiliv , you don't have to worry about castor oil being contaminated by ricin, because ricin does not "partition" into the castor oil. Castor oil has been added to cosmetic products for many years, without incident. For example, castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil were reportedly used in 769 and 202 cosmetic products, respectively, in 2002.

The U.S. FDA gives castor oil a "thumbs up," deeming it "generally regarded as safe and effective" for use as a stimulant laxative. The Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives has established an acceptable daily castor oil intake of up to 0.7 mg/kg body weight. This amounts to, roughly, one tablespoon for adults and one teaspoon for children. Taking castor oil orally usually results in a "purging" of the digestive tract in about four

According to the International Castor Oil Association v, castor oil studies in which people were dosed with castor oil at dietary concentrations as high as 10 percent for 90 days did not produce any ill effects.

In spite of the fact that U.S. FDA and the International Castor Oil Association have pronounced castor oil to be safe, if you are going to try it, as I've mentioned previously, proceed with extreme caution because a number of negative side effects have been reported.

Castor Oil is NOT without Side Effects

 
Castor Seed Plant
http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-ombrello/POW/castor_bean.htm
Castor oil's main side effects fall into the categories of skin reactions and gastrointestinal upset, which isn't terribly surprising given the agent's actions on your intestinal wall.vi

Castor oil is broken down by your small intestine into ricinoleic acid, which acts as an irritant to your intestinal lining. This effect is what gives castor oil the ability to reverse constipationùbut it's also the reason that some people report digestive discomfort, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal side effects. If you suffer from cramps, irritable bowel, ulcers, diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, colitis, prolapses, or have recently undergone surgery, you should probably avoid castor oil due to these poss

Although castor oil has been traditionally used to help stimulate labor in healthy pregnant women, there are widespread reports of nausea, including one study in 2001vii that found nausea to be almost universally experienced by these women.

A Home Remedy that's Survived for Millennia

Adverse effects notwithstanding, Indians would traditionally boil seed kernels or hulls in milk and water, and then consume the brew to relieve arthritis, lower back pain, and sciatica. According to Williams' articleviii, castor seed plants are widely used in India for all sorts of medical problems, including the following:

Constipation
Dysentery
Inflammatory bowel disease
Bladder and vaginal infections
Asthma
Canary Islanders made poultices from the leaves of the castor plant to treat gynecological problems. Nursing mothers applied these poultices to their breasts to increase milk secretion and relieve inflammation of their mammary glands, and applied the poultice to their abdomens to promote normal menstruation. The topical absorption of castor oil is the basis for more modern "castor oil packs," which I'll be discussing later in detail.

Modern Medicinal Uses for Castor Oil

In general, the reported medicinal uses of castor oil fall into the following five general categories:

Gastrointestinal remedy
Antimicrobial (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal)
Labor stimulantix
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic
Immune system and lymphatic stimulant
The oil's benefits can be derived by topical application, and it appears to be useful for a variety of skin conditions like keratosis, dermatosis, wound healing, acne, ringworm, warts and other skin infections, sebaceous cysts, itching, and even hair loss. Castor oil and ricinoleic acid also enhance the absorption of other agents across your skin.

And castor oil shows some promise in the treatment of cancer. According to the American Cancer Societyx :

"Oncologists now use castor oil as a vehicle for delivering some chemotherapy drugs to cancerous tumors. A special formula of castor oil called Cremophor EL is used as a carrier for paclitaxel, a drug used to treat metastatic breast cancer and other tumors. Unfortunately, the vehicle sometimes causes problems of its own, including allergic reactions. This has prompted a search for substitute carriers."

They also report that early clinical trials suggest that ricin, when combined with an antibody to confine this poison to malignant cells, shrinks tumors in lymphoma patients. In fact, castor oil has been reportedly used to treat all of the following conditions listed below. While I certainly cannot attest to castor oil's efficacy for all of these conditions (as there is not enough research to date), I list them here as a way to illustrate the wide array of possibilities.

Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's Disease Cerebral Palsy
Arthritis Migraine and other headaches Cholecystitis (inflamed gallbladder)
Epilepsy Liver ailments, including cirrhosis Scleroderma
Appendicitis, colitis, and other intestinal problems AIDS Detoxification
Cancer Eye irritation Gynecological problems
Studies Support Castor Oil's Efficacy as an Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunostimulant

While castor oil has been thoroughly investigated for its industrial use, only a minimal amount of research has been directed toward its medicinal benefits. That said, the healing properties of castor oil appear to have survived countless generations of scrutiny.

I believe it has enough history behind it to at least warrant greater scientific exploration, and perhaps a little careful at-home experimentation on your own. Oftentimes, modern day scientific studies end up validating thousands of years of "folklore." Castor oil studies are hard to track down, but I did find a few notable ones, which I have summarized in the table below.

Castor oil has been found to have a strong suppressive effect on some tumors.
An Indian study in 2011 found that castor leaf extract showed better antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than Gentamycin (their standard for comparison).xii
A 2010 study found that castor oil packs were an effective means of decreasing constipation in the elderly.xii
This 2009 study found that castor oil effectively relieves arthritis symptoms.xiii
A 1999 studyxiv was carried out to determine whether or not topical castor oil would stimulate the lymphatic system. The findings were positive. After a two-hour treatment with castor oil packs, there was a significant increase in the number of T-11 cells, which increased over a seven-hour period following treatment.
In this 2000 studyxv of the effects of ricinoleic acid on inflammation, researchers found it exerted "capsaicin-like" antiinflammatory properties.
Patients with occupational dermatitis may have a positive reaction to castor oil or ricinoleic acid.xvi
Castor Oil May Promote Healing by Boosting Your Lymphatic System

One of the more compelling health benefits, if true, is castor oil's support of your immune system. And this healing property does not require you ingest the oil, but only apply it externally.

The benefits of castor oil packs were popularized by the late psychic healer Edgar Cayce, and then later researched by primary care physician William McGarey of Phoenix, Arizona, a follower of Cayce's work and the author of The Oil That Heals. McGarey reported that, when used properly, castor oil packs improve the function of your thymus gland and other components of your immune system. More specifically, he found in two separate studies that patients using abdominal castor oil packs had significant increa

Lymphocytes are your immune system's disease-fighting cells and are produced and stored mainly in your lymphatic tissuexvii (thymus gland, spleen, and lymph nodes). Hundreds of miles of lymphatic tubules allow waste to be collected from your tissues and transported to your blood for elimination, a process referred to as lymphatic drainage. When your lymphatic system is not working properly, waste and toxins can build up and make you sick.

Lymphatic congestion is a major factor leading to inflammation and disease.

This is where castor oil comes in. When castor oil is absorbed through your skin (according to Cayce and McGarey), your lymphocyte count increases. Increased lymphocytes speed up the removal of toxins from your tissues, which promotes healing.

Castor Oil Packs a Punch, Topically

Castor oil "packs" can be an economical and efficient method of infusing the ricinoleic acid and other healing components of castor oil directly into your tissues. You would be wise to do a "patch test" prior to applying a castor oil pack to make sure you aren't allergic to the oil.

There are several ways to use castor oil topically. You can simply rub castor oil onto an affected area of your skin. Or, you can affix a Band-Aide soaked in castor oil if only a very small area needs to be treated. For larger or more systemic applications, it can be used as massage oil, which is reported especially effective when applied along your spinal column, massaged along your lymphatic drainage pathways. But the coup de grace of castor oil therapy is the "castor oil pack."

To make a castor oil pack, you will need the following supplies:

High quality cold-pressed castor oil (see last section of this article)
A hot water bottle or heating pad
Plastic wrap, sheet of plastic, or plastic garbage bag
Two or three one-foot square pieces of wool or cotton flannel, or one piece large enough to cover the entire treatment area when folded in thirds
One large old bath towel
Below are instructions for making and using a castor oil pack (courtesy of Daniel H. Chong, ND):      

Fold flannel three layers thick so it is still large enough to fit over your entire upper abdomen and liver, or stack the three squares.
Soak flannel with the oil so that it is completely saturated. The oil should be at room temperature.
Lie on your back with your feet elevated (using a pillow under your knees and feet works well), placing flannel pack directly onto your abdomen; cover oiled flannel with the sheet of plastic, and place the hot water bottle on top of the plastic.
Cover everything with the old towel to insulate the heat. Take caution not to get the oil on whatever you are laying on, as it can stain. If necessary, cover that surface with something to protect it.
Leave pack on for 45 to 60 minutes.
When finished, remove the oil from your skin by washing with a solution of two tablespoons of baking soda to one quart water, or just soap and water. (Be sure to wash the towel by itself, as the castor oil can make other clothes stink if washed together.)
You can reuse the pack several times, each time adding more oil as needed to keep the pack saturated. Store the pack in a large zip-lock bag or other plastic container in a convenient location, such as next to your bed. Replace the pack after it begins to change color.
For maximum effectiveness, apply at least four consecutive days per week for one month. Patients who use the pack daily report the most benefits.
Be Cautious when Purchasing Castor Oil

As with everything else, you must be careful about your source of castor oil. Much of the oil currently sold in stores is derived from castor seeds that have been heavily sprayed with pesticides, solvent-extracted (hexane is commonly used), deodorized, or otherwise chemically processed, which damages beneficial phytonutrients and may even contaminate the oil with toxic agents.

Again, let me emphasize, many of the health benefits of castor oil are more anecdotal than scientific, and side effects have been reported. As with anything new, proceed carefully so that you can minimize any unexpected reactions. I invite your comments about any experiences—positive or negative—related to your use of castor oil. I am always curious about your impressions and experience with natural remedies, and your feedback is welcome, as always.

Berbagai Penyebab Asam Urat

Berbagai Penyebab Asam Urat



Oleh MeetDoctor.com
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Cetak
Gout atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan penyakit  penumpukan “asam urat” adalah suatu kondisi radang sendi (artritis) yang diakibatkan oleh akumulasi kristal asam urat pada sendi. Tubuh secara alami memproduksi asam urat dalam bentuk purin. Selain itu, purin juga banyak terkandung dalam bahan makanan seperti organ dalam (jeroan), asparagus, bayam, jamur, hidangan laut dan daging merah.
 
Secara alami, asam urat yang berada di dalam darah akan dikeluarkan melalui ginjal. Namun terkadang tubuh kita memproduksi asam urat dalam jumlah yang lebih atau ginjal hanya dapat mengeluarkan terlalu sedikit asam urat. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan tingginya kadar asam urat dalam darah yang selanjutnya akan membentuk akumulasi kristal yang terkumpul pada daerah persendian, dan menyebabkan radang. Penyakit penumpukan asam urat biasanya menyerang ibu jari kaki, pergelangan kaki, dan lutut.

Gejala peradangan akibat penumpukan kristal asam urat dapat berbeda pada setiap orang. Biasanya terjadi kemerahan pada sendi, bengkak, dan nyeri.Tingkat atau intesitas nyerinya juga dapat bervariasi.

Selain makanan yang mengandung kadar purin yang tinggi, ada beberapa faktor lain sebagai pemicu yang dapat menyebabkan tingginya kadar asam urat dalam darah, yaitu:

- Gaya hidup tidak sehat, seperti sering mengonsumsi minuman dengan kadar fruktosa yang tinggi dan/atau beralkohol.

- Menderita penyakit tertentu, seperti tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi), diabetes, gangguan ginjal dan penyempitan pembuluh darah.

-OBESITAS.

- Sering mengonsumsi jenis obat golongan tertentu seperti obat diuretik (obat yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan air  dan garam dari tubuh) atau obat aspirin.

- Genetik. Riwayat keluarga yang memiliki riwayat penyakit penumpukan asam urat akan meningkatkan risiko Anda untuk mengalaminya juga.

- Jenis kelamin. Pria cenderung lebih sering mengalami peradangan akibat penyakit asam urat.

- Usia. Ketika memasuki usia menopause, wanita memiliki risiko dalam tingkat yang sama dengan pria untuk menderita radang akibat penyakit asam urat.

Mendiagnosa asam urat bisa melalui tes darah dan urin. Pada tingkatan tertentu, mungkin juga dibutuhkan rontgen. Saat penyakit asam urat menyerang (dalam fase akut), obat penghilang rasa sakit dan anti peradangan bisa membantu menghilangkan nyeri atau bisa juga dengan meletakkan es di daerah yang sakit.


dr. Janfrional
Jika tidak segera ditangani dengan baik, peradangan juga bisa merusak persendian, ginjal dan jaringan tubuh lainnya. Periksakanlah ke dokter apabila Anda mempunyai gejala nyeri sendi yang dicurigai akibat pemumpukan kristal asam urat pada sendi tersebut.

Sumber: MeetDoctor.com
Ditulis oleh Stephanie Firdaus
Review oleh dr. Janfrional

oral motor exercises

wicara - stroke / terapi
oral motor exercises
http://okupasiterapis.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.html
Teman-teman OT, pada kesempatan ini saya ingin berbagi mengenai teknik-teknik atau langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi gangguan oral motor baik pada anak-anak ataupun pada orang dewasa. Selamat membaca..
Pada anak yang mengalami kekakuan pada otot-otot gerak seperti yang kita temui pada kondisi Cerebral Palsy,maka kita tidak hanya dihadapkan dengan permasalahan pada anggota gerak saja, namun seringkali juga ditemukan masalah kekakuan pada area mulut (oral). Meski area ini juga ditekankan oleh teman-teman terapi wicara. Namun bagi kita sebagai okupasi terapis hendaknya juga patut mengetahui karena hal ini sangat berhubungan erat dengan ADL (Activity Daily Living) pasien. Bagaimana melatih anak dapat makan d
Lakukan latihan ini agar otot oral anak-anak ibu kuat untuk persiapan bicara

1. Push-Up Lidah
Tujuan : untuk menguatkan lidah
Cara : letakkan lidah di belakang gusi atas kemudian dorong langit-langit mulut menggunakan lidah ke atas.
2. Pop Lidah
Tujuan : untuk menguatkan lidah
Cara : sedot lidah pada puncak mulut, tarik ke belakang dan lepas, hingga keluar suara “nok-nok”
3. Back and Forth
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan koordinasi oral motor
Cara : julurkan lidah ke luar mulut kemudian gerakkan dari sisi ke sisi, pastikan lidah tidak menyentuh bibir.
4. Penggunaan stik
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan gerak dan koordinasi lidah
Cara : gerakkan stik tumpul, penekan lidah atau sendok sekitar area mulut baik bagian dalam ataupun bagian luar, perintahkan anak untuk meletakkan lidah mereka atau arahkan lidah ke arah dimana anda meletakkan sendok pada mulut mereka
5. Pointy Tongue
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan gerakan dan koordinasi lidah
Cara : julurkan lidah hingga menyentuh suatu ujung benda (misal : sendok)
6. Quick strength
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan lidah
Cara : dengan menggunakan kain kassa, tarik lidah keluar secara lembut sementara anak mencoba menariknya ke dalam.
7. Throat scratches
Tujuan : untuk menguatkan lidah bagian belakang
Cara : gerakkan lidah ke belakang mulut dan gerakkan ke arah bawah, gerakkan memutar seperti gerakan “menggaruk” belakang tenggorokan
8. Tapping
Tujuan : untuk menstimulasi otot rahang masseter
Cara : tepuk masseter saat oto berkonstraksi atau relaksasi
9. Icing
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan stimulasi dan kesadaran oral
Cara : dengan menggunakan es lolipop atau es batu, gerakkan es dari tengah menuju keluar dan mintalah anak untuk tersenyum
10. Brushing
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan stimulasi sentuhan pada bibir
Cara : sikatlah bibir dengan berbagai tekstur yang berbeda (contoh: sikat gigi, kapas, sendok)
11. Whistle
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : kerutkan bibir kemudian cobalah meniup sebuah peluit
12. Fish Mouth
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan oral motor
Cara : monyongkan bibir dan hisap pipi untuk membuat wajah seperti ikan (hisap pipi ke 2 sisi ke dalam sehingga bibir tampak membentuk angka 8)
13. Pucker-Smile
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan koordinasi oral motor
Cara : minta si anak untuk menutup mulut dengan gigi
14. Jaw Aerobics
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan lingkup gerak pada rahang
Cara : minta si anak untuk menggerakkan dagu (rahang bawah) dari sisi ke sisi dan atas ke bawah dengan berbagai posisi dan kecepatan.
15. Jaw Curls
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan rahang
Cara : dengan lembut tarik dagu si anak ke bawah sementara si anak mencoba menutup mulutnya. Kemudian ketika posisi mulut si anak menutup, coba tekan dagu ke bawah juga dengan lembut.
16. Watch muscle
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan gerakan pada otot rahang
Cara : mintalah si anak untuk menutup mulut seraya menekankan kedua sisi gigi hingga tampak otot pada kedua sisi pipi berkontraksi, gunakan cermin guna melihat dan merasakannya.
17. Massage
Tujuan : untuk menstimulasi otot masseter
Cara : pijat dengan lembut otot masseter (otot rahang) dengan arah gerakan memutar serta naik-turun.
18. Sucking
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : minta anak untuk menghisap pisang, es lolipop dll
19. Water hold
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : tahan sedikit air hangat di dalam mulut hingga pipi tampak menggembung
20. Cotton
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : letakkan sedikit kapas di antara bibir atas dengan gusi atas, kemudian tahan. Lanjutkan dengan bibir bawah dengan gusi bawah.
21. Wide mouth grog pulls
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : secara lembut tarik kedua sisi mulut secara lateral seraya minta si anak untuk mengerutkan mulutnya.
22. Stimulasi sentuhan pada bibir
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan sentuhan dan kesadaran
Cara : minta si anak untuk menggosok bibirnya dengan sumpit
23. Permen karet
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan rahang
Cara : minta si anak untuk mengunyah permen karet naik turun serta gerakan memutar.
24. Tongue-Ins
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan bibir
Cara : buka mulut lebar-lebar dan gerakkan lidah ke depan-belakang sepanjang tenggorokan
25. Tongue pushes
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan lidah
Cara : julurkan lidah ke luar, kemudian dorong lidah pada benda seperti sendok. Sementara kita menekan sendok ke dalam, minta anak untuk mendorong lidahnya ke luar menahan sendok tadi.
26. Berkata “Ah”
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan langit-langit mulut
Cara : dengan menggunakan cermin, minta anak mengatakan “ah” sambil melihat langit-langit mulut bergerak
27. Menghisap
Tujuan : untuk meningtkan kekuatan langit-langit mulut
Cara : gunakan sebuah sedotan untuk menghisap air. Atau cobalah menahan kertas yang ditempel di ujung sedotan dengan cara dihisap.
28. Lidah pada pipi
Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan kekuatan lidah
Cara : minta si anak mendorong lidahnya pada kedua pipi secara bergantian hingga pipi tampak menggembung, kemudian dapat ditingkatkan dengan kita ikut memberi tahanan di mana lidah itu berada
29. Meniup
Tujuan : untuk meningkatk kekuatan lidah
Cara : minta si anak untuk meniup suatu benda (misalnya: bola kecil, bulu. Bola kapas) atau membuat gelembung menggunakan sedotan

Oral exercises
Gunakan sebuah cermin untuk membantumu melakukan latihan ini. Lakukanlah sekitar 2 sampai 3 kali sehari selama 10 sampai 20 menit setiap sesinya. Cobalah lakukan semuanya..
1. Buka dan tutup mulut secara perlahan hingga beberapa kali hitungan. Pastikan bibir tertutup secara sempurna.
2. Kerutkan (monyongkan) bibir seperti akan mencium, tahan, kemudian lemaskan. Lakukan beberapa kali
3. Regangkan bibir hingga membentuk senyum yang lebar, tahan, kemudian lemaskan. Lakukan beberapa kali
4. Monyongkan bibir, tahan, senyum, tahan, kembali lagi ke monyonkan bibir, tahan, lakukan berulang-ulang kali
5. Buka mulut lebar-lebar, kemudian kerucutkan bibir seperti ingin mencium, namun dengan rahang tetap terbuka, tahan, kemudian lemaskan. Lakukan beberapa kali
6. Tutup bibir rapat-rapat dan tekan bersamaan, tahan, lemaskan dan ulangi
7. Tutup bibir rapat-rapat seraya menghisap ludah hingga mengumpul pada lidah. Lakukan berulang-ulang
8. Buka mulut kemudian julurkan lidah ke luar. Patstikan lidah keluar dengan posisi lurus dan tidak miring ke samping atau ke bawah. Tahan, kemudian lemaskan, lakukan beberapa kali, cobalah julurkan semakin panjang setiap harinya, tetapi ingat untuk tetap menjaga lidah lurus ke depan
9. Julurkan lidah ke luar, gerakkkan secara perlahan-lahan dari sudut mulut yang satu ke sudut mulut yang lain. Tahan ketika lidah menyentuh sudut mulut, lemaskan dan ulangi berkali-kali. Pastikan ujung lidah benar-benar menyentuh setiap sudut mulut
10. Julurkan lidah sejauh mungkin hingga menyentuh dagu (rahang bawah), tahan, kemudian relaks.

Demikian beberapa langkah guna mengatasi gangguan pada area oral baik pada anak dengan kondisi cerebral palsy atau kondisi lain ataupun pada dewasa yang mengalami stroke atau bell’s palsy. Semoga bermanfaat..!!! :-)
Diposkan oleh Udin OT di 08.28 3 komentar:

When someone has a heart attack...

When someone has a heart attack...
TNN Sep 25, 2011, 01.20pm IST
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-25/health/30200234_1_heart-attack-primary-angioplasty-first-aid


(WHEN SOMEONE HAS A HEART…)
If immediate first-aid is not given to a heart attack patient, there may be permanent damage or a cardiac arrest.

Heart attack is one of the leading causes of death the world over. Most of these deaths take place, because proper first-aid or medical attention is not given between the time the person has the attack and the time the person reaches a hospital. That is why it is important for everyone to know how and what to do, as soon as a person is suspected to have had a heart attack.

Every moment is precious in case of heart attack, so act fast. Do not leave the person alone and don't try to manage at home. Do not give anything orally. Even if he feels little better, lift him to reach the nearest hospital as early as possible.There is no household remedy for heart attack. Keep him in lying down posture, loosen his clothing and rush him to the nearest hospital. Make him chew one full tablet of apirin and swallow.

Give him one Sorbitrate tablet under the tongue. If there is profuse sweating, ie, drop in blood pressure, then don't give it.

You can give glucose powder in spoonful dosages on or under the tongue frequently. Don't give sweet drinks.

If short of breath, then recline the patient partially and make him cough intermittently.

If the person is unconscious and unresponsive, CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation) should be performed. Give chest thrust and mouth-to-mouth respiration.

Do not depend on the first-aid to benefit. Reach the nearest facility, which has ICU or advanced treatment facilities for heart.

Do not go to outpatient clinic of a doctor. Reach the emergency section or casualty. Do not sit on consent issues. Give blanket consent for fast treatment facilitation in crisis situation. Let the experts act. Remember, it's do-or-die situation in crisis.

Consent to clot buster or blood thinner medication or direct angiography and primary angioplasty (most ideal). Primary angioplasty gives ideal results immediately after heart attack in first 90 minutes.

Do not fall prey to non-scientific modes of treatment.